ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To investigate associations of maternal and cord blood cytokine patterns with newborn size and body composition. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 70 pregnant women and their healthy newborns selected from the "Araraquara Cohort Study". Newborn anthropometric measurements were recorded at birth. Body composition was evaluated by air displacement plethysmography. Maternal blood samples were collected from pregnant women between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation, and umbilical cord blood samples were collected immediately after placenta discharge. The concentrations of the cytokines were determined in plasma by ELISA. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations between maternal and cord blood cytokine concentrations and newborn anthropometry and body composition measurements. Results Maternal plasma TGF-β1 concentration was inversely associated with newborn weight (β= -43.0; p= 0.012), length (β= -0.16, p= 0.028), head circumference (β= -0.13, p= 0.004), ponderal index (β= -0.32, p= 0.011) and fat-free mass (β= -0.05, p= 0.005). However, the association persisted just for head circumference (β= -0.26; p= 0.030) and ponderal index (β= - 0.28; p= 0.028), after adjusting for pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain, gestational age, hours after delivery, newborn sex, smoking and alcohol consumption. Conclusions Maternal plasma TGF-β1 concentration may be involved in the regulation of newborn size, mainly head circumference and ponderal index. Further cohort studies are necessary to investigate the role of TGF-β1 in different trimesters of pregnancy and its effect during the early stages of fetal development.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in endodontic files after in vitro contamination with E. coli LPS and sterilization in dry heat or wet heat, with or without previous immersion in a Ca(OH)2 suspension. LPS was quantified using the Kinetic QCL TM test and data were analyzed statistically by the t-test. LPS was quantified only in the contaminated group, not submitted to any immersion or sterilization procedure (0.262±0.1296 endotoxin units/mL) (p=0.0003). In conclusion, both wet heat and dry heat sterilization were effective in inactivating LPS without the need of previous immersion of the files in a Ca(OH)2 suspension.
Este estudo avaliou a presença de endotoxina (LPS) em limas endodônticas após contaminação in vitro com LPS de E. coli e esterilização em autoclave ou forno de Pasteur, com ou sem imersão prévia em suspensão de hidróxido de cálcio. A quantificação do LPS foi efetuada pelo teste Kinetic QCL TM, e os resultados submetidos à análise estatística (teste t). LPS foi quantificado apenas no grupo contaminado e não submetido a nenhum procedimento de imersão ou esterilização (0,262±0,1296 unidades de endotoxina/mL) (p=0,0003). Concluiu-se que a esterilização das limas em autoclave ou forno de Pasteur foi eficaz na inativação do LPS, não sendo necessária a sua imersão prévia em suspensão de hidróxido de cálcio.